Impact absorption member

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a shock-absorbing member including: an exterior material  110  for an automobile; a first reinforcing member  122  that is disposed adjacent to the exterior material  110  and whose cross section orthogonal to the extending direction has a height, in the direction orthogonal to the exterior material  110 , that is greater than the width in the S direction along the exterior material  110 ; a second reinforcing member  124  that is disposed adjacent to the exterior material  110  and whose cross section orthogonal to the extending direction has a height, in the direction orthogonal to the exterior material  110 , that is greater than the width in the direction along the exterior material  110 ; an intersecting part where the first reinforcing member  122  and the second reinforcing member intersect and overlap; and a joint that joins the first reinforcing member  122  and the second reinforcing member  124  at the intersection.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an impact absorption member.

BACKGROUND ART

Conventionally, to protect an occupant of an automobile, an impact absorption member has been placed in the interior of an automobile to target a location where an impact is expected. As such an impact absorption member, for example, a door impact bar is known. For example, Patent Literature 1 below describes the structure of a door impact bar of an automobile.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

Patent Literature 1: JP H5-319092A

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem

The conventional impact absorption member is formed of a thick structure body in order to ensure a certain amount of impact absorption. Hence, there is a limitation on the position where the impact absorption member is placed in the automobile. Further, in view of deformation at the time of a collision, the impact absorption member may be provided in an outer portion of the automobile (apart from an occupant) as much as possible; thereby, even when the amount of deformation of the impact absorption member is large, the impact absorption member does not come into contact with the occupant, and therefore the impact can be absorbed safely with good efficiency.

However, there is no large space to establish a thick structure body in a relatively outer portion of the interior of the automobile, and consequently it is difficult to place a thick member.

The present disclosure has been made in view of the problem mentioned above, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide a new and improved impact absorption member that can make impact absorption at the time of a collision even when there is no large space in a relatively outer portion of the interior of the automobile.

Solution to Problem

To solve the problem described above, according to an aspect of the present disclosure, an impact absorption member is provided including: an exterior material of an automobile, a first member that is disposed adjacent to the exterior material, a second member that is disposed adjacent to the exterior material, a cross portion in which the first member and the second member intersect and overlap, and a joint that joints the first member and the second member at the cross portion, wherein a height of the first member in a direction orthogonal to the exterior material is larger than a width of the first member in a direction along the exterior material in a cross section orthogonal to an extending direction of the first member, and wherein a height of the second member in a direction orthogonal to the exterior material is larger than a width of the second member in a direction along the exterior material in a cross section orthogonal to an extending direction of the second member.

The joint may be a laser welded joint. In addition, the joint may be a joint with structural adhesives.

In addition, thicknesses of the first member and the second member in the direction orthogonal to the exterior material may be reduced in the cross portion.

In addition, the cross portion in which the second member is placed on a side of the exterior material may be present between the two cross portions in which the first members are placed on the side of the exterior material.

In addition, the first member or the second member may traverse the exterior material.

In addition, a supported portion supported on an opposite side to the exterior material may be present in at least one location in a longitudinal direction of the first member or the second member, and a distance between a cross portion of the first member or the second member and the supported portion may be up to ⅓ of a length of the first member or the second member in which the supported portion is present.

In addition, the supported portion may be an end portion of the first member or the second member.

In addition, the supported portion may be joined to a component other than the exterior material.

In addition, the first member or the second member may be a hollow structure in which a sheet material is bent and may have a first surface adjacent to the exterior material and a second surface that is placed so that the second surface is separated from the first surface by a distance larger than the first surface in width orthogonal to the extending direction.

In addition, the second surface may be divided along the extending direction.

In addition, the first member or the second member may have a martensite structure.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

As described above, according to the present disclosure, impact absorption at the time of a collision can be made even when there is no large space in a relatively outer portion of the interior of the automobile.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a state where an automotive exterior panel according to the present embodiment is viewed from a back side.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a conventional structure for comparison, and is a schematic diagram showing a configuration in which a door impact bar and a reinforce are arranged on an inside of an exterior material.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a variation of an arrangement of reinforcing members.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a variation of an arrangement of reinforcing members.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a variation of an arrangement of reinforcing members.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a variation of an arrangement of reinforcing members.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a variation of an arrangement of reinforcing members.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an exterior panel (a door panel) in which first reinforcing members are arranged in an up and down direction of an exterior material and second reinforcing members are arranged in a horizontal direction of the exterior material 110.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a state viewed from a direction of arrow A of FIG. 8.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a cross portion between a first reinforcing member and a second reinforcing member in FIG. 8 in detail.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a cross portion between a first reinforcing member and a second reinforcing member in FIG. 8 in detail.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration in a direction orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the first or second reinforcing member in the configuration of FIG. 8.

FIG. 13 is a characteristic diagram showing, in regard to FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, relationships between an application load of an indenter 140 and the amount of displacement, obtained by a simulation for evaluating tensile rigidity of an exterior panel.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing a state where a collision of a side surface of an automobile (a side collision) is envisaged and an application load is applied to an exterior panel by a load application member.

FIG. 15 is a characteristic diagram showing, in the configuration of FIG. 8, relationships between a stroke and a load when a load is applied by a load application member 300, obtained by a simulation for evaluating properties of a side surface collision of an exterior panel.

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing an example in which each of ends of a sheet material is bent on an opposite side to a bending side of the configuration shown in FIG. 12.

FIG. 17 is a characteristic diagram showing, in the configuration of FIG. 8, relationships between a load of an exterior panel (transverse axis) and time (longitudinal axis) when the first reinforcing member and the second reinforcing member is adhered at the cross portion, where a load is applied by a load application member.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, (a) preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the appended drawings. Note that, in this specification and the appended drawings, structural elements that have substantially the same function and structure are denoted with the same reference numerals, and repeated explanation of these structural elements is omitted.

First, a configuration of an automotive exterior panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is described with reference to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a state where an automotive exterior panel 100 according to the present embodiment is viewed from the back side (the inside of the automobile). Herein, a door panel is shown as an example of the exterior panel 100, but the exterior panel 100 may be a panel of another part of the automobile, such as a fender, a hood, or a roof.

As shown in FIG. 1, the exterior panel 100 is composed of an exterior material 110 and reinforcing members 120. A panel member 112 is formed of a steel sheet with a thickness of approximately 0.4 mm, as an example. The exterior material 110 is curved such that the front side (the outside of the vehicle) forms a convex surface. The curvature of the curve runs along the up and down direction (the height direction of the vehicle).

The reinforcing members 120 include first reinforcing members 122 arranged in the up and down direction and second reinforcing members 124 arranged in the horizontal direction (the length direction of the vehicle). It is desirable that the first reinforcing member 122 be curved to follow the curvature of the exterior material 110. The second reinforcing member 124 extends almost in a straight line. That is, it is desirable that, the reinforcing member that is adjacent to the exterior material 110 has a shape following the curve of the position that is adjacent to the exterior material 110. This is because, when each of the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 has a shape following the exterior material 110, the member can be stuck to the exterior material 110 and preferably can be joined (adhered) to the exterior material 110.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a conventional structure for comparison. In FIG. 2, a door impact bar 300 and a reinforce 310 are arranged on the inside of the exterior material 110. FIG. 3 to FIG. 7 are diagrams showing, as the exterior panel 100, automotive door panels according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 to FIG. 7 are schematic diagrams showing a variation of the arrangement of reinforcing members 120. The example shown in FIG. 3 shows an example in which only first reinforcing members 122 arranged in the up and down direction are provided in the exterior panel 100.

Further, the example shown in FIG. 4 shows an example in which only second reinforcing members 124 arranged in the horizontal direction are provided in the exterior panel 100. The example shown in FIG. 5 shows an example in which first reinforcing members 122 arranged in the up and down direction and second reinforcing members 124 arranged in the horizontal direction are provided in the exterior panel 100. The example shown in FIG. 6 shows an example in which reinforcing members 120 are arranged radially in the exterior panel 100. The example shown in FIG. 7 shows an example in which reinforcing members 120 are arranged to cross obliquely in the exterior panel 100.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a configuration of the reinforcing member 120. The basic configurations of the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 may be the same. FIG. 12 shows also a cross-sectional configuration orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing member 120. The reinforcing member 120 has a hollow, rectangular (a rectangle) cross section. The reinforcing member 120 may be produced by bending a sheet material 130. In the example shown in FIG. 12, the reinforcing member 120 has a cross-sectional shape of a rectangle, with the long side set to approximately 16 mm and the short side to approximately 10 mm. The sheet thickness of the sheet material 130 forming the reinforcing member 120 is approximately 0.8 mm, as an example. A steel sheet may be used as the sheet material 130.

As shown in FIG. 12, a prescribed gap may be provided between an end 130 a and an end 130 b of the bent sheet material 130. Not limited to this, the end 130 a and the end 130 b may be stuck together. Further, the end 130 a and the end 130 b may be joined together by welding, adhesion, or the like. The reinforcing member 120 is placed such that the surface on which the ends 130 a and 130 b are located or the surface on the opposite side to the surface on which the ends 130 a and 130 b are located is stuck to the exterior material 110. The surface on which the ends 130 a and 130 b are located or the surface on the opposite side to the surface on which the ends 130 a and 130 b are located is preferably joined to the exterior material 110. Here, the surface joined to or adjacent to the exterior material 110 is referred to as a bottom surface. Further, the surface on the opposite side to the bottom surface is referred to as a top surface. Each of the surfaces that are located on both sides of the bottom surface so as to sandwich ridgelines is referred to as a vertical wall. In the cross section of the reinforcing member 120, a short side is the bottom surface, and a long side is the vertical wall. In a configuration in which the ends 130 a and 130 b are arranged on the top surface without being joined together, when the reinforcing member 120 is curved by being pushed from the outside of the exterior panel 100, it is likely that the cross section will open from the ends 130 a and 130 b and the cross-sectional shape will collapse. However, when the ends 130 a and 130 b are joined together, the cross-sectional shape can be prevented from collapsing, and therefore the rigidity of the exterior panel 100 can be enhanced more. Also in the case where the ends 130 a and 130 b are arranged on the bottom surface and the bottom surface is joined to the exterior material 110, an event in which the ends 130 a and 130 b are separated and the cross-sectional shape collapses can be prevented by the exterior material 110. The cross-sectional configuration of the reinforcing member 120 is not limited to a configuration like that of FIG. 12 in which the ends 130 a and 130 b face each other, and may be a gutter-like (channel) shape in which the ends 130 a and 130 b are separated or the hat shape shown in FIG. 16, for example. In the case where the cross section of the reinforcing member 120 is any of a rectangle, a gutter-like shape, and a hat shape, the short side of a cross section orthogonal to the extending direction of the reinforcing member 120 is regarded as a “width (D),” and the long side as a “height (H).” In the case where flanges are arranged on the exterior material 110 side in a hat shape like that shown in FIG. 16, the spacing between ridgelines each of which is located between a flange and a vertical wall is regarded as the “width (D).” In the case where the angle between the short side and the long side is not a right angle, the distance from the short side to an end of the long side in the vertical direction is regarded as the height. In the reinforcing member according to the present invention in which the “width” and the “height” are defined as above, the height of the reinforcing member is larger than the width. Although it is preferable that the width of the reinforcing member 120 be larger than the height in terms of joining the reinforcing member 120 to the exterior material 110, the present invention intentionally does not employ such a configuration. This is because priority is placed on the enhancement of the second moment of the area for the bending of the reinforcing member 120.

As above, in the present embodiment, for the reinforcing member 120 placed adjacent to the exterior material 110, the height in the direction orthogonal to the exterior material 110 is larger than the width in a direction along the exterior material 110 in a cross section orthogonal to the extending direction of the reinforcing member 120. Thereby, in the case where a collision load in a direction from the car-body outside to the car-body inside of the exterior panel is applied, the second moment of area of the reinforcing member 120 can be improved effectively. For the reinforcing member 120, the second moment of area in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction may be set to less than or equal to 15,000 mm⁴, and may be preferably set to less than or equal to 12,000 mm⁴. The material quality, the sheet thickness, and the cross-sectional shape of the sheet material 130 of the reinforcing member 120 are set so as to satisfy this condition, as appropriate. By satisfying this condition, the plastic buckling limit of the reinforcing member 120 can be increased; hence, upon reception of the input of a collision load, plastic buckling is less likely to be caused; thus, reaction force based on elastic deformation can be utilized effectively for collision resistance properties. Note that a reaction force based on elastic deformation provides a relatively large increase in the reaction force against deformation, and plastic deformation has a small amount of increase in reaction force against deformation. Therefore, a reaction force based on elastic deformation can be utilized effectively as collision resistance properties. If the second moment of the area is set large, even a small amount of bending is likely to cause plastic buckling. In a conventional structure, the second moment of the area of a door impact bar is approximately 18,000 mm⁴. That is, the conventional structure is assumed that collision resistance properties by plastic deformation are brought out. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the upper limit value of the second moment of area is set as above in order to cause the reinforcing member 120 to undergo elastic deformation and realize a collision resistance function. Thereby, the occurrence of plastic buckling can be suppressed, and a collision resistance function can be realized by elastic deformation.

By the reinforcing member 120 satisfying the condition mentioned above regarding the second moment of the area, the exterior panel 100 according to the present embodiment can improve collision resistance properties. Thus, the effect of further weight reduction can be obtained by the simplification or omission of conventional collision resistance components. In the case where conventional collision resistance components are used, the exterior panel 100 according to the present embodiment can contribute to further improvement in collision safety properties.

The yield stress of the reinforcing member 120 may be more than or equal to 500 MPa. Thereby, the plastic buckling limit of the reinforcing member 120 can be increased, and a reaction force based on elastic deformation can be utilized more effectively; thus, a weight reduction can be achieved while collision properties are ensured effectively. The reinforcing member 120 may be one having a martensite structure. Thereby, impact resistance properties can be further improved.

Further, even when the reinforcing member 120 is formed of a fine member, reinforcing members 120 serve as practical impact absorption members by crossing them. If only one door impact bar 300 is used as in the conventional structure, a collision load may not be applied to the door impact bars 300 depending on the position where the collision load is applied. That is, a hitting failure of the door impact bars may occur. If the plurality of door impact bars 300 are installed as a countermeasure against hitting failure, a great weight increase is caused. According to the present embodiment, reinforcing members 120 having a lighter weight than the past can be arranged largely on the entire surface of the exterior panel 100, and therefore, a hitting failure can be avoided while an increase in weight is suppressed. Further, the first and second reinforcing members 122 and 124 are connected together as the reinforcing members 120. Because of this, a collision load applied to one reinforcing member propagates also through the other reinforcing member. That is, multiple reinforcing members can absorb the impact together.

Further, in the case where the exterior material 110 and the reinforcing member 120 are joined together, the falling-in (rotation around the longitudinal direction) of the reinforcing member 120 when the deformation of the reinforcing member 120 is large during collision deformation can be suppressed, and collision resistance properties can be further improved. Further, also a feature in which tension occurs in the exterior material in a region between adjacent reinforcing members 120 is effective during collision deformation. When the exterior material 110 is made thin, rigidity is lost, and the exterior material 110 becomes dented (warped) easily and is not useful for impact absorption. However, by joining the exterior material 110 and the reinforcing member 120, the exterior material 110 may contribute to shock absorption. By joining the exterior material 110 and the reinforcing member 120 together to restrain the exterior material 110, when the reinforcing member 120 deforms, the exterior material 110 around the deformed location is pulled in the in-plane direction. Even though the exterior material 110 does not have rigidity in the thickness direction, it has tensile strength in the in-plane direction and can therefore resist tensile deformation; thus, the properties of the impact absorption member can be improved.

It is desirable that a certain length or more of the reinforcing member 120 is placed along the exterior material 110. Specifically, the reinforcing member 120 is stuck to the exterior material 110 in a region of more than or equal to ⅓ of the total length of the reinforcing member 120. That is, in the present embodiment, the falling-down of the reinforcing member 120 is suppressed by adhering and joining the reinforcing member 120 and the exterior material 110 together, and the collision resistance function is improved by causing tension to act on the exterior material 110 during the deformation of the exterior material 110.

In particular, it is desirable that the first reinforcing member 122 be placed along the direction of the curvature of the exterior material 110. That is, the first reinforcing member 122 is placed such that the longitudinal direction of the first reinforcing member 122 is the up and down direction. Thereby, the first reinforcing member 122 is placed so as to protrude toward the outside of the automobile. As a result, a convex curved portion of the first reinforcing member that is curved can improve the collision resistance.

Further, the reinforcing member 120 crosses (traverses) the exterior material 110. In the present embodiment, the second moment of the area of the reinforcing member 120 is small, and the yield stress is high (the elastic deformation region is large). Hence, the load and the impact at the time of a collision of the entire exterior panel 100 are caught by the entire member; thus, the reinforcing member 120 is preferably made as long as possible. Further, by the reinforcing member 120 crossing the exterior material 110, the setting flexibility of a support point with which the reinforcing member that has received a collision load obtains a reaction force (a contact point with another conventional component) can be enhanced. Further, by making the reinforcing member 120 as long as possible, the area where an impact can be caught at the time of a collision can be enlarged. That is, an event in which the reinforcing member 120 experiences a hitting failure can be avoided.

In the following, improvement in the collision resistance function of the exterior panel 100 by providing the reinforcing member 120 is described. FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an exterior panel 100 (a door panel) in which arrangement is made such that the longitudinal direction of the first reinforcing member 122 is the up and down direction of the exterior material 110 and the longitudinal direction of the second reinforcing member 124 is the horizontal direction of the exterior material 110 and shows the configuration of FIG. 5 in detail. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a state viewed from the direction of arrow A of FIG. 8. FIG. 8 shows a state where the exterior panel 100 is viewed from the front side (from the outside of the automobile). FIG. 8 shows an arrangement of first reinforcing members 122 and second reinforcing members 124 in a state where the exterior material 110 is seen through. The indenter 140 shown in FIG. 8 is a member that presses the exterior panel 100 in a simulation for evaluating the tensile rigidity of the exterior panel 100, the result of which is shown in FIG. 13 described later.

In FIG. 8, the first reinforcing member 122 is supported by support units 220 arranged at both ends in the up and down direction of the exterior panel 100. Further, the second reinforcing member 124 is supported by support units 230 arranged at the both ends in the horizontal direction of the exterior panel 100. More specifically, both ends of the first reinforcing member 122 are sandwiched and supported by the exterior material 110 and the support units 220. Similarly, both ends of the second reinforcing member 124 are sandwiched and supported by the exterior material 110 and the support units 230. In FIG. 8, the distance between a cross portion on the outside in the up and down direction of the vehicle or on the outside in the front and rear direction among the cross portions between the first reinforcing members 122 and the second reinforcing members 124 and a supported portion of the first reinforcing member 122 or the second reinforcing member 124 supported by the support unit 220 or the support unit 230 is within ⅓ of the length of the first reinforcing member 122 or the second reinforcing member 124, respectively. Thereby, when a load caused by a collision is applied to reinforcing members 120, the load caused by the collision can be caught by elastic deformation with good efficiency because, for example, the load applied to second reinforcing members 124 is applied to first reinforcing members 122 via cross portions and the distance from a cross portion to the supported portion of the first reinforcing member 122 supported by the support unit 220 is short.

FIG. 8 shows an example in which concave portions 122 a and 124 a are provided and crossed in a cross portion between the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 and thereby the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 are arranged in the same plane. In FIG. 8, first reinforcing members 122 and second reinforcing members 124 are arranged in an interknitted manner, and the vertical arrangement of the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 is made different between adjacent cross portions. When the first and second reinforcing members 122 and 124 are arranged in an interknitted manner, the efficiency of load transfer between the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 is improved. Thereby, at the time of a collision, an impact absorption function can be ensured effectively by the first and second reinforcing members 122 and 124.

On the other hand, as described later, when the cross portion of the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 is joined, an impact absorption property can be ensured significantly. Therefore, when the cross portion of the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 is joined, the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 don't need to be arranged in an interknitted manner. Thereby, a step for interknitting is not required, and manufacturing costs can be reduced. However, by using interknitting and joining of a cross potion together, an impact absorption property can be the highest.

When the cross portion of the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 is joined, manufacturing costs can be reduced. A step of attaching each of the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 in the exterior material 110 is complicated. Manufacturing is easier when the joined first reinforcing member 122 and second reinforcing member 124 are attached the exterior material 110 together. That is, manufacturing costs can be reduced.

FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 are perspective views showing cross portions between the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 in FIG. 8 in detail. FIG. 10 corresponds to cross portion C1 shown in FIG. 8, and FIG. 11 corresponds to cross portion C2 shown in FIG. 8. In cross portion C1, the second reinforcing member 124 is located more on the outside of the vehicle (on the exterior material 110 side) than the first reinforcing member 122. Thus, the first and second reinforcing members 122 and 124 can be arranged in an interknitted manner. By a concave portion 122 a being provided in the first reinforcing member 122 and a concave portion 124 a being provided in the second reinforcing member 124, the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 are arranged in the same plane. In cross portion C2, the first reinforcing member 122 is located more on the outside of the vehicle than the second reinforcing member 124. Also in cross portion C2, by the concave portion 122 a being provided in the first reinforcing member 122 and the concave portion 124 a being provided in the second reinforcing member 124, the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 are arranged in the same plane.

Although illustration is omitted, the first and second reinforcing members 122 and 124 do not necessarily need to be arranged in an interknitted manner; for a reason regarding fabrication at the time of fixing to the exterior panel 100 or the like, all first reinforcing members 122 may be arranged more on the exterior panel side than all second reinforcing members 124, or conversely all second reinforcing members 124 may be arranged more on the exterior panel side than all first reinforcing members 122.

If all first reinforcing members 122 are arranged more on the exterior panel side than all second reinforcing members 124, or If all second reinforcing members 124 are arranged more on the exterior panel side than all first reinforcing members 122, at the cross portion of the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124, the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 are joined by adhesives or welding (laser welding). A joining of the cross portion may use adhesives and welding together. In a case of an arrangement in an interknitted manner where the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 are alternately arranged on the exterior panel side, the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 may be joined in the same way. Thereby, as described later, yield strength at the time of a collision can be improved up to about twice. The first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 is, for example, close contacting the concave portion 122 a and the concave portion 124 a shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, and joined by adhesives or welding.

Thus, at the cross portion of the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124, by joining the two, a rotation at the time of a collision of each reinforcing member can be suppressed. As the result, an impact absorption property can be greatly improved.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, at the cross portion of the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124, a joining of the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 is done for the purpose of improving an impact absorption property. In other words, the joining of the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 at the cross portion of the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 is not done for the purpose of suppressing vibration of an exterior plate and improving tension rigidity of an exterior plate. If the purpose is suppressing vibration of the exterior plate and improving tension rigidity of the exterior plate, the purpose thereof is sufficiently achieved by placing a reinforcing member of a flat plate adjacent to the exterior plate. On the other hand, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, for the purpose of improving an impact absorption property, the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 are crossed, and the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 are intentionally glued. With this configuration, an impact absorption property of the exterior panel 100 can be greatly improved.

At the cross portion of the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124, an impact absorption property can be increased by joining the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member certainly. It is preferable that the joining of the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 at the cross portion of the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 is a joining by adhesives and/or laser welding, as described above. On the other hand, in case of the adhesion using mastic adhesives or the like for example, a large strength is not secured, an impact absorption property cannot be increased. There is also a case that an automobile collides with the exterior panel 100, in the adhesion using mastic adhesives, the adhesion of the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 is easily destroyed at the time of a collision of an automobile, it is difficult to use an exterior panel as a collision resistant member.

By joining the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member at the cross portion of the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124, even when it is a reinforcing member that includes the cross-sectional shape of the rectangle as shown in FIG. 12, a falling-down of the reinforcing member can be suppressed. Therefore, if the cross-sectional shape of the reinforcing member is the shape of the rectangle as shown in FIG. 12, an impact absorption property can be increased by suppressing a falling-down.

It is preferable that the required adhesive strength of the structural adhesives used for joining the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member, although which depends on a shape of structural materials, has 20 MPa or more of tensile shear strength. With such the structural adhesives, the rotation (the falling-down) of the reinforcing member can be suppressed. As the type of the structural adhesives, epoxy type, acrylic type, urethane type, phenol type, or like that can be mentioned.

The second moment of the area with respect to a load from the vehicle exterior direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing member 120 of the reinforcing member 120 extending from a cross portion is less than or equal to 15,000 mm⁴. By providing a cross portion, the distance between a support point of bending deformation that is given to the reinforcing member 120 at the time of the input of a collision load and the point of application can be shortened, and therefore the amount of increase in a reaction force against deformation can be further increased. Thus, collision properties are improved by providing a cross portion.

Further, by providing two or more cross portions, the distance between a support point of bending deformation that is given to the reinforcing member 120 at the time of the input of a collision load and the point of application can be further shortened. Therefore the amount of increase in a reaction force against deformation of the reinforcing member 120 can be further increased. Further, an impact load can be propagated through and caught by a plurality of other reinforcing members 120, and therefore still a higher reaction force can be obtained. Thereby, collision properties are improved even more.

In the cross portion, concave portions 122 a and 124 a are provided in the first and second reinforcing members 122 and 124, respectively; thereby, the thickness of each of the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 in the direction orthogonal to the exterior material 110 is reduced. Thereby, the first and second reinforcing members 122 and 124 and the exterior material 110 can be stuck and joined together also in a neighboring region including the cross portion, and collision properties can be improved effectively.

Further, by providing a cross portion, the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 are restrained to each other in the cross portion. Thereby, for example, in the case where the reinforcing member 120 has a cross section of a rectangle and the side of the short side is stuck to the exterior material 110, an event in which, upon reception of a collision, the reinforcing member 120 experiences falling-down and the side of the long side comes close to the exterior material 110 can be prevented. Further, by arranging first and second reinforcing members 122 and 124 in an interknitted manner, an event in which, upon reception of a collision, the reinforcing member 120 experiences falling-down and the side of the long side comes close to the exterior material 110 can be prevented. When the spacing between cross portions is shortened, the restraint of rotation prevention is made at a short spacing, and therefore the first and second reinforcing members 122 and 124 are less likely to fall down. Thereby, a reduction in the second moment of the area due to the falling-down of the reinforcing member 120 can be prevented, and a reduction in collision resistance properties can be prevented.

The impact absorption member needs to be supported by something and catch an impact load so that the impact absorption member does not make rigid-body movement with respect to the direction of load input. Since a load is inputted from the exterior material 110, support units 220 and 230 that catch an impact load are provided on the opposite side of reinforcing members 120 from the exterior material 110. At this time, when the point of load input to the reinforcing member 120 (a cross portion) and the support unit 220 or 230 are nearer, higher reaction force can be obtained with smaller deformation. In the case where the exterior panel 100 is a door panel, a part in contact with a door inner panel, a front pillar, a center pillar, a side sill, or the like falls under the support unit 220 or 230. In the case of an exterior panel 100 other than a door, the exterior panel 100 may be supported by keeping support units 220 and 230 in contact with other body structure materials. For example, in the case of a panel of a roof, a part in contact with a roof side rail, a front roof rail, a rear roof rail, or the like corresponds to the support unit 220 or 230. The support units 220 and 230 may be brought into contact with these body structure materials via other support components additionally provided, and may be supported.

In the reinforcing member 120, the supported portion supported by the support unit 220 or 230 is an end portion of the reinforcing member 120. Thus, by supporting end portions of the reinforcing member 120, the entire reinforcing member 120 can be utilized for impact absorption. Further, by joining the supported portion to some other component than the exterior material, the supported portion can be restrained also in a direction other than the direction of load input; thus, collision properties can be improved, and contributions to the prevention of the falling-in of the reinforcing member 120 etc. can be made. The supported portion may be provided in a place other than an end portion of the reinforcing member 120.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of each of the first and second reinforcing members 122 and 124 in the configuration of FIG. 8. As shown in FIG. 12, each of the first and second reinforcing members 122 and 124 has a cross-sectional shape of a rectangle, with a size of approximately 16 mm vertically and approximately 10 mm horizontally, as an example.

In the configuration shown in FIG. 12, the side of the short side of the cross-sectional shape of a rectangle is stuck to the exterior material 110. Thereby, a reinforcing member 120 having a cross-sectional shape with the best efficiency can be formed in order to ensure a desired second moment of the area. On the other hand, when the side of the long side is made long in order to ensure the second moment of the area, upon reception of an impact, the reinforcing member 120 is likely to rotate around the axial direction and fall in. If the reinforcing member 120 falls in, the second moment of the area is reduced; however, the falling-in (rotation) of the reinforcing member 120 can be prevented by joining the reinforcing member 120 to the exterior material 110.

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing an example in which each of end 130 a and end 130 b of a sheet material 130 is bent on the opposite side to the bending side of the configuration shown in FIG. 12. The shape of FIG. 16 is referred to as a hat shape.

Also in the configuration shown in FIG. 16, the side of the short side of the cross-sectional shape of a rectangle is stuck to the exterior material 110. At this time, the flange side having ends 130 a and 130 b may be taken as the bottom surface and be stuck to the exterior material 110, or the opposite side to the flange side having ends 130 a and 103 b may be taken as the bottom surface and be stuck to the exterior material 110. Thereby, a reinforcing member 120 having a cross-sectional shape with the best efficiency can be formed in order to ensure a desired second moment of the area. Further, the falling-in (rotation) of the reinforcing member 120 can be prevented by joining the reinforcing member 120 to the exterior material 110.

Next, the result of evaluation of the bending strength of the exterior panel 100 according to the present embodiment with consideration of the occasion of a collision is described on the basis of FIG. 14 and FIG. 15. FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing a state where, in the configuration of FIG. 8, a collision of a side surface of an automobile (a side collision) is envisaged and an application load is applied to the exterior panel 100 by a load application member 300.

FIG. 15 is a characteristic diagram showing, in the configuration of FIG. 8, relationships between the stroke and the load when a load is applied by the load application member 300. FIG. 15 shows a case where a load larger than the load of FIG. 13 is applied and a stroke equivalent to the occasion of a collision is made in order to evaluate the collision resistance function. In FIG. 15, the characteristics shown by the broken line show characteristics in a case where the conventional structure shown in FIG. 2 is evaluated under the same conditions for comparison. Further, the characteristics shown by the solid line correspond to Reference Example 1 in which neither the first reinforcing member 122 nor the second reinforcing member 124 is joined to the exterior material 110, and the characteristics shown by the alternate long and two short dashes line correspond to Reference Example 2 in which the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 are joined to the exterior material 110.

As shown in FIG. 15, in the configuration of Reference Example 1, the load is higher than the load in the conventional structure particularly when the stroke is more than or equal to 50 mm. That is, impact absorption properties of Reference Example 1 higher than those of the conventional structure have been obtained. Further, in the configuration of Reference Example 2, the load is higher than the load in the conventional structure in almost the entire region of the stroke. That is, impact absorption properties of Reference Example 2 still higher than those of Reference Example 1 have been obtained. As described above, in the conventional structure, it is assumed that an impact resistance member such as a door impact bar 300 is caused to undergo plastic deformation; therefore, as the stroke becomes larger, plastic deformation becomes more likely to occur. Thus, in the conventional structure, the rate of increase of the load due to the increase of the stroke is lower than in Reference Example 1 and Reference Example 2. On the other hand, in Reference Example 1 and Reference Example 2, impact absorption is made in the range of elastic deformation, and therefore the rate of increase of the load due to the increase of the stroke is larger than in the conventional structure. Thus, by the configuration example of FIG. 8, sufficient impact absorption properties can be obtained even when, for example, a side collision of a pole in which a utility pole or the like collides with the door panel occurs.

The simulation result shows that, in the configuration of FIG. 8, plastic buckling did not occur even at strokes up to approximately 75 mm in both Reference Example 1 and Reference Example 2. Thus, according to the present embodiment, the impact of a collision can be absorbed by using the reinforcing member 120 as an elastic member. In Reference Example 1, the load has dropped temporarily at a stroke of approximately 65 mm; this is because part of the reinforcing member 120 experienced falling-down due to the fact that the reinforcing member 120 was not joined to the exterior material 110. However, such falling-down of the reinforcing member 120 can be suppressed by joining the reinforcing member 120 and the exterior material 110 together like in Reference Example 2. In addition, providing a cross portion in the reinforcing member 120 as described above, or arranging reinforcing members 120 in different directions in an interknitted manner can suppress falling-down of the reinforcing member 120.

FIG. 17 is a characteristic diagram showing, in the configuration of FIG. 8, relationships between a load of an exterior panel 100 (transverse axis) and time (longitudinal axis) when the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 are joined at the cross portion, where a load is applied by a load application member 300. The test object is not arranged so that the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 are in an interknitted manner. In FIG. 17, for evaluating collision resistance properties by joining the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member at a cross portion, a case of joining at the cross portion (a solid line (Invention Example)), and a case of not adhering at the cross portion (a dash-dotted line (Reference Example)) are shown respectively.

As shown in FIG. 17, in a initial stage after applying the load, although there is no large difference between the case of joining at the cross portion (a solid line) and the case of not joining at the cross portion (a dash-dotted line), in a latter stage when the exterior panel 100 have been deformed, there is large difference between the case of joining at the cross portion (a solid line) and the case of not adhering at the cross portion (a dash-dotted line). About twice the load is generated in the case of joining at the cross portion (a solid line) compared to the case of not adhering at the cross portion (a dash-dotted line) at time t=12. Therefore, by adhering of the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 at a cross portion, collision resistance properties can be ensured significantly.

The first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 may not be separate members, and the first and second reinforcing members 122 and 124 may be formed as one body by, for example, processing one steel sheet into a press molded body in a lattice configuration having a thin cross section. In this case, a branched place serves as a cross portion.

The exterior material 110 and the reinforcing member 120 are not limited to a steel material, and may be formed of a nonferrous metal such as aluminum, or the like, for example. Further, for example, the exterior material 110 may be formed of a CFRP, and ribs corresponding to first and second reinforcing members 122 and 124 may be arranged on the back side of the exterior material 110. In this case, the ribs corresponding to the first and second reinforcing members 122 and 124 may be molded integrally. In this case, a branched place (a cruciform place) is regarded as a cross portion. Further, the ribs corresponding to the first and second reinforcing members 122 and 124 may be molded integrally with the exterior material 110; in this case, the ribs corresponding to the first and second reinforcing members 122 and 124 are regarded as being joined to the exterior material 110.

As described hereinabove, by the reinforcing member 120 of the present embodiment, the impact resistance properties of the exterior material 110 can be improved with reliability. Further, by the reinforcing member 120, also the tensile rigidity of the exterior material 110 can be improved. In the following, improvement in tensile rigidity by the reinforcing member 120 is described.

As described above, the first and second reinforcing members 122 and 124 are in contact with the exterior material 110. Thereby, the area of each of the regions surrounded by the first and second reinforcing members 122 and 124 and the outline of the exterior material 110 is smaller than the area of the entire exterior material 110; therefore, it is likely that tension will occur earlier when external force acts on the exterior material 110, and hence the tensile rigidity of the exterior material 110 can be enhanced much. It is more preferable that the exterior material 110 and the reinforcing member 120 be joined together; thus, when the exterior material 110 deforms, tension occurs still earlier in the exterior material 110 in a region between adjacent reinforcing members 120, and tensile rigidity can be improved even more.

The yield stress of the reinforcing member 120 is set to more than or equal to 500 MPa as described above. Thereby, even when external force acts on the reinforcing member 120, the occurrence of plastic deformation can be prevented; thus, tensile rigidity can be ensured effectively, and a weight reduction can be achieved.

A certain length or more of the reinforcing member 120 is placed along the exterior material 110. Specifically, the reinforcing member 120 is stuck to the exterior material 110 in a region of more than or equal to ⅓ of the total length of the reinforcing member 120. By placing the reinforcing member 120 such that it is stuck to the exterior material 110, the tensile rigidity of the exterior panel 100 can be improved even when the degree of wall thickness reduction of the exterior material 110 is increased (for example, a wall thickness reduction from 0.7 mm to less than or equal to 0.5 mm in terms of the original thickness). The reinforcing member 120 and the exterior material 110 are more preferably stuck and joined together, and thereby the tensile rigidity of the exterior panel 100 can be enhanced more by causing tension to act on the exterior material 110 during the deformation of the exterior material 110.

In particular, the first reinforcing member 122 is placed in the up and down direction along the direction of the curvature of the exterior material 110. Thereby, the tensile rigidity of a convex curved portion that is curved so as to protrude toward the outside of the automobile can be improved. Further, the exterior material 110 has a concave curved portion that is curved so as to protrude toward the inside as viewed from the outside of the automobile, and the reinforcing member 120 overlapping with the concave curved portion is stuck to the exterior material 110. The concave curved portion is inferior to the convex curved portion in tensile rigidity against a load from the outside of the automobile; thus, the tensile rigidity of the entire exterior panel can be improved effectively by placing the reinforcing member 120 such that it is stuck to the concave curved portion.

In the reinforcing member 120, the second moment of the area in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction may be set to less than or equal to 15,000 mm⁴. By the reinforcing member 120 satisfying the condition mentioned above regarding the second moment of the area, the reinforcing member 120 is allowed to have a small cross-sectional shape; thus, even when a plurality of first and second reinforcing members 122 and 124 are arranged in order to enhance tensile rigidity, a large weight increase is not caused, and tensile rigidity can be improved efficiently. Also in a reinforcing member 120 extending from a cross portion like those shown in FIG. 8, similarly the second moment of the area in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction may be set to less than or equal to 15,000 mm⁴. When there is a cross portion, the area of a region of the exterior material sandwiched by reinforcing members 120 extending from the cross portion is smaller than the area of the entire surface of the exterior panel, and the ratio of the sheet thickness to the area sandwiched by reinforcing members 120 is relatively increased; therefore, tensile rigidity can be improved more. Thus, tensile rigidity can be improved effectively by providing a cross portion.

Further, by providing two or more cross portions, the individual region sandwiched by adjacent reinforcing members 120 of the exterior material 110 is made still smaller. As a result, the ratio of the sheet thickness to the area of the individual region is relatively increased; therefore, tensile rigidity can be further improved. Thus, tensile rigidity can be improved effectively.

In the cross portion, concave portions 122 a and 124 a are provided in the first and second reinforcing members 122 and 124, respectively; thereby, the thickness of each of the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 in the direction orthogonal to the exterior material 110 is reduced. Thereby, the first and second reinforcing members 122 and 124 and the exterior material 110 can be stuck or joined together also in a neighboring region including the cross portion, and tensile rigidity can be improved effectively.

FIG. 13 is a characteristic diagram showing, regarding FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, relationships between the application load of an indenter 140 and the amount of displacement, obtained by a simulation in order to evaluate tensile rigidity. The simulation result shown in FIG. 13 shows a case where the thickness of the exterior material 110 is 0.4 mm and neither the first reinforcing member 122 nor the second reinforcing member 124 is joined to the exterior material 110 (Reference Example 1, the characteristics shown by the solid line) and a case where the thickness of the exterior material 110 is 0.4 mm and the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 are joined to the exterior material 110 (Reference Example 2, the characteristics shown by the alternate long and two short dashes line). The simulation result shown in FIG. 13 shows, for comparison, also characteristics in a case where the thickness of the exterior material 110 is 0.7 mm and there is no reinforcing member (the alternate long and short dash line) and characteristics in a case where the thickness of the exterior material 110 is 0.4 mm and there is no reinforcing member (the broken line).

The thickness of a common automotive exterior member or exterior panel in current use is approximately 0.7 mm, and is equivalent to the characteristics of the alternate long and short dash line. As shown in FIG. 13, Reference Example 2 (the alternate long and two short dashes line) in which the first reinforcing member 122 and the second reinforcing member 124 are joined to the exterior material 110 has obtained a result in which the amount of displacement with respect to the application load is equal to or more than that in the characteristics in the case where the thickness of the exterior material 110 is 0.7 mm and there is no reinforcing member (the alternate long and short dash line). In particular, in Reference Example 2, when the load is more than 80[N], the amount of displacement with respect to the application load is much lower than that in the characteristics of the alternate long and short dash line. Further, in the characteristics of Reference Example 1 (the solid line) in which neither the first reinforcing member 122 nor the second reinforcing member 124 was joined to the exterior material 110, the amount of displacement with respect to the application load was slightly larger than that in the characteristics of the alternate long and short dash line, but was equal to that in the characteristics of the alternate long and short dash line when the application load was approximately 200[N]. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, a reduction in tensile rigidity can be prevented with reliability even when the thickness of the exterior material 110 is set to 0.4 mm, which is much thinner than at present. Thus, the thickness of the exterior material 110 can be reduced to, for example, approximately 0.4 mm, and the exterior panel 100 can be reduced much in weight.

As shown by the characteristics of the broken line in FIG. 13, in the characteristics in the case where the thickness of the exterior material 110 is 0.4 mm and there is no reinforcing member, the amount of displacement with respect to the application load is much larger than those in the other characteristics. This shows that the exterior material 110 deforms largely when the exterior panel is pushed. Therefore, in the case where the thickness is 0.4 mm and there is no reinforcing member, the exterior material is difficult to use as an automotive exterior panel.

According to the present embodiment as described above, a plurality of first reinforcing members 122 and a plurality of second reinforcing members 124 may be arranged in a lattice configuration and stuck to the exterior material 110, and a collision load may be caused to be absorbed principally by elastic deformation; thereby, collision resistance properties can be improved much. Thus, an automotive exterior panel in which a weight reduction is achieved, collision resistance properties are excellent can be provided.

In addition, reinforcing members 120 are arranged on and stuck to an exterior material 110 formed of an approximately 0.4-mm thin sheet, and thereby tensile rigidity can be enhanced significantly. Thus, the deformation of the exterior panel 100 can be prevented even when a user touches an exterior panel 100 formed of a thin sheet or a user pushes the exterior panel 100.

The preferred embodiment(s) of the present invention has/have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, whilst the present invention is not limited to the above examples. A person skilled in the art may find various alterations and modifications within the scope of the appended claims, and it should be understood that they will naturally come under the technical scope of the present invention.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

-   100 exterior panel -   110 exterior material -   120 reinforcing member -   122 first reinforcing member -   124 second reinforcing member 

The invention claimed is:
 1. An impact absorption member comprising: an exterior material of an automobile, a first member that is disposed adjacent to the exterior material, a second member that is disposed adjacent to the exterior material, a cross portion at which the first member and the second member intersect and overlap, and a joint that joints the first member and the second member at the cross portion, wherein a height of the first member in a direction orthogonal to the exterior material is larger than a width of the first member in a direction along the exterior material in a cross section orthogonal to an extending direction of the first member, and wherein a height of the second member in a direction orthogonal to the exterior material is larger than a width of the second member in a direction along the exterior material in a cross section orthogonal to an extending direction of the second member.
 2. The impact absorption member according to claim 1, wherein the joint is a laser welded joint.
 3. The impact absorption member according to claim 1, wherein the joint is a joint with structural adhesives.
 4. The impact absorption member according to claim 3, wherein thicknesses of the first member and the second member in the direction orthogonal to the exterior material are reduced in the cross portion.
 5. The impact absorption member according to claim 1, wherein the cross portion in which the second member is placed on a side of the exterior material is present between the two cross portions in which the first members are placed on the side of the exterior material.
 6. The impact absorption member according to claim 1, wherein the first member or the second member traverses the exterior material.
 7. The impact absorption member according to claim 1, wherein a supported portion supported on an opposite side to the exterior material is present in at least one location in a longitudinal direction of the first member, and a distance between the cross portion and the supported portion is up to ⅓ of a length of the first member in which the supported portion is present.
 8. The impact absorption member according to claim 7, wherein the supported portion is an end portion of the first member.
 9. The impact absorption member according to claim 7, wherein the supported portion is joined to a component other than the exterior material.
 10. The impact absorption member according to claim 1, wherein the first member is a hollow structure in which a sheet material is bent and has a first surface adjacent to the exterior material and a second surface that is placed so that the second surface is separated from the first surface by a distance larger than the first surface in width orthogonal to the extending direction.
 11. The impact absorption member according to claim 10, wherein the second surface is divided along the extending direction.
 12. The impact absorption member according to claim 1, wherein the first member has a martensite structure. 